We try to maximise the use of materials that are zero maintenance

- AR. SUMIT DHAWAN

Founder and Principal Architect, Cityspace' 82 Architects

How is the trend evolving in the façade and its applications in India?

The recent trends have witnessed a considerable surge in terms of façade treatments and the latest building material in exteriors. Many architects and designers are experimenting with complex patterns and symbolizing forms, making them a visual identity of the building. Integral materials like aluminium, corten steel, WPC, and porcelain are extensively being used for cladding exteriors. Dry cladding is an emerging trend. Lacquered and opaque glass is also an alternative cladding option in outlining the entire façade rather than being restricted to fenestrations. The architecture industry in India has harnessed the benefits of the intense passion displayed by the designers to create iconic structures that resulted in innovative solutions and the use of smart materials.

How is the façade system transforming from just aesthetics to a functional element in building structures?

The façade of a building has undoubtedly remained the most important from the perspective of both the designers as well as the developers, as it sets the first impression of the building. However, facades have now gained more significance as a functional element of a building rather than purely aesthetic. The materiality of the façade not only influences the aesthetics of the exterior but also significantly impacts the performance of the building and has the capability to make it more energy efficient and sustainable. For instance, instead of introducing a metal cladding in a single-skin façade system, a double-skin façade system can be considered as they integrate insulation properties keeping the indoor environment comfortable irrespective of the outdoor climate. Also, cleaning in double-skin façade systems is more accessible as the indoor skin is glass. These systems also vouch for privacy serving multiple purposes.

With a single-skin façade, instead of using wet cladding, one can always go with a drywall system where the cavity can trap the heat, making for a comfortable indoor environment. Vertical or horizontal shading devices are another alternative to cut direct sunlight from entering the building. In fact, the designer can control the heat and natural light depending on the orientation of the building.

Hence, there are various ways of choosing elements that are better for the performance of the building while complementing the aesthetics simultaneously. With the abundance of solar energy in our country, there is a vast potential that lies in reaping solar power through the integration of photovoltaic panels in the facades.

What is the demand-supply scenario of façade systems in India?

Façade and fenestration industries are building back post-pandemic, undismayed by significant labour & supply chain challenges, reduced margins, and raw material price variations. To maintain the momentum, the industry is in immediate need to navigate elevated risks while advancing sustainability priorities. To achieve long-term profitability, companies should embrace digital capabilities and progress with digitalization, seeing results from more connected, efficient, and reliable processes at production.

How do the demand and applications vary in commercial and residential buildings?

Residential façade design distinguishes itself from commercial building facades in various aspects. Commercial facades demand to give a building a sense of brand identity, while residential facades focus on visual aesthetics and indoor comfort. For instance, retail stores opt for large glazings to showcase products and elevate the business. On the other hand, residential facades display a play of form and material that adds personalization and uniqueness to the home.

What are the maintenance practices to be followed for the upkeep of façade systems?

Periodic façade maintenance is essential to prolong the lifespan of a building and to avoid consequential damages followed by them. In addition, façade maintenance contributes to the continued attractiveness of a building without losing its visual aesthetics. It further enhances the health of occupants. Maintenance measures include inspection of waterproofing envelopes, checking for damages in brick or other coatings, assessing the condition of roofs and skylights, and sealants for windows and doors.

Today's architecture uses a diverse range of materials, each with unique features that assure the long-term durability and sustainability of spaces. Choosing the right building material helps achieving its ultimate lifespan with the proper installation technique. When it comes to façade design, we at Cityspace' 82 Architects incorporate steel and aluminium, which in addition to having a great aesthetic, also provides high quality, longevity, efficiency, and affordability. We try to maximise the use of materials that are zero maintenance. For instance, one of our favourite materials is porcelain which we often use in multiple projects owing to its remarkable properties like scratch-resistance and waterproofing. In conclusion, it's important to understand principles like zero maintenance as fundamental requirements rather than challenges to which a service system must adhere.

What are the design and technological developments happening in the façade industry, and what future do you see for the market?

Technological developments are rapidly changing the façade trends in the Indian market. Software for determining the building orientation and energy consumption has become an essential tool in the planning of a project. To further strengthen the sustainability goals, architects and designers look for newer technologies and move towards intelligent façade systems. The world is progressing towards the trend of dynamic facades; the automated metal louvers, interstitial louvers, and adaptive fritting respond to the sunlight and helps optimize both lighting and HVAC loads. Technologies like digital facades and solar active architecture can integrate building systems, and the façade can respond to external conditions such as sun path and wind directions. Designers today are trying to give something innovative to their potential customers and develop unique façade ideas that are durable and pro-environment at the same time.

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